Research progress of antiviral material basis and mechanism of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid.

Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid (,CQOL) is derived from Yinqiao San (), which is composed of Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) and Banlangen (Isatidis Radix). It is a common clinical herbal medicine for clearing heat and detoxification, and has antiviral effects. By reviewing the active ingredients of CQOL and the research progress on its anti-influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) efficacy, with view to providing a basis for the clinical use of CQOL in treatment of respiratory diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2.Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.

ANTIVIRAL HERBS.

Objective: Viruses are agents that can infect all kinds of living organisms, and the most important hosts are humans, animals, plants, bacteria and fungi. Viral diseases are responsible for serious morbidity and mortality worldwide, are a major threat to public health, and remain a major problem worldwide. The recently prominent Coronaviruses (CoVs) within this group belong to the Coronaviridae family, subfamily Coronavirinae, and are large (genome size 26-32 kb), enveloped, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA ) viruses that can infect both animals and humans. The world has experienced three epidemics caused by betaCoVs in the last two decades: SARS in 2002-03, MERS in 2012, and COVID-19, first identified in 2019. COVID-19 continues to be our current health problem and studies on the subject continue. Result and Discussion: The term "antiviral agents" is defined in very broad terms as substances other than virus-containing vaccine or specific antibody that can produce a protective or therapeutic effect for the clearly detectable effect of the infected host. Nature has the potential to cure humanity's helplessness against viruses with many different plant species with strong antiviral effects. During the screening of plants with antiviral effects, focusing on plants used in folk medicine is of great importance in terms of maximizing the benefit to humanity - saving time and effort by dealing with valuable ancient knowledge on a scientific basis. In this review, viral diseases and the plants used in these diseases and determined to be effective are mentioned.Copyright © 2022 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.

Pharmacological Properties and Safe Use of 12 Medicinal Plant Species and Their Bioactive Compounds Affecting the Immune System

This paper presents raw plant materials and their characteristic compounds which may affect the immune system. Plant-derived agents in specific doses affect the body's non-specific, antigen-independent defense system. They have immunostimulatory effects on the entire immune regulatory system. They can enhance the immune response through various factors such as macrophages, leukocytes, and granulocytes, as well as through mediators released by the cellular immune system. This paper was inspired by the threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The proper functioning of the immune system is important in limiting the effects of viral infection and restoring the normal functioning of the body. This paper also emphasizes the importance of the skillful use of plant immunostimulants by potential patients, but also by those who prescribe drugs. It is important not only to choose the right plant drug but above all to choose the correct dose and duration of treatment.

Safety and Efficacy of Popular Iranian Herbal Cold Remedy for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Cases

Background: In traditional Persian medicine, an herbal cold remedy containing Sugarcane, Black Myrobalan, and mastic is mentioned and it was being widely provided by grocery stores. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the increased desire for this traditional remedy has led to a debate in society. Huge parts of the Iranian population have started using this remedy for the treatment of COVID-19;while no study has evaluated its efficiency and possible side effects. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Sugarcane, Black Myrobalan, and Mastic herbal medications for COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial study conducted over three months from May 2020 to July 2020 in SARS-COV2 PCR positive patients admitted in the COVID-19 ward of Peymaniyeh Hospital in Jahrom, Iran. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection were not recruited. The intervention group received the routine COVID-19 treatment protocol and the herbal supplement received the combination of black myrobalan and mastic and sugarcane, twice a day (3 g of herbal supplement). Study groups were compared in terms of demographic variables, vital signs, and clinical and laboratory variables for safety and efficiency assessment. Results: Seventy-two patients with COVID-19, divided into intervention (n=37) and control (n = 35) groups were studied. Intervention and control groups had not any significant difference in terms of baseline characteristics. The time-to-event analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in 4 symptoms of cough, fever, dyspnea, and myalgia (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in averaged O2 vital signs between the two groups (P>0.05). The Control group in comparison to the intervention group had a significantly lower decrease in C-reactive protein during 7 days (P<0.05). Patients in the herbal supplement group were hospitalized for 4.12 days and patients in the control group were hospitalized for 8.37 days (P=0.001). ICU admission and death only happened in 3 (8.6%) patients of the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that the proposed herbal remedy could be applied as supplementation to conventional management of COVID-19 patients with mild disease, while more research is needed for clinical application of this remedy. © 2023 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company)

Herbal medicine use in Republic of Korea to alleviate side effects of COVID-19 vaccines: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and several virus variants have emerged. Vaccines are administered to help prevent the infection. In Republic of Korea, most people take herbal medicine. This study investigated the use of herbal medicine to counter the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in the use of herbal medication according to sociodemographic characteristics. Independent two-sample and paired t-tests were performed to examine the effect and satisfaction of herbal medicine use for countering the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine vaccine-related differences. RESULTS: A total of 233 and 181 participants received the first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. The majority of herbal medicine users were in their thirties, had a bachelor's degree, suffered from side effects of vaccination, and received Vaxzevria for their first COVID-19 vaccine dose and Comirnaty for their second dose. The herbal medicine group had a higher satisfaction level of post-vaccination side effects than the non-herbal medicine group (P < 0.0001). The numeric rating scale scores for vaccination side effects were lower among participants who took herbal medication to alleviate those symptoms (P < 0.0001). The most commonly used herbal formula was Shuanghetang. CONCLUSION: A third of participants receiving COVID-19 vaccines used herbal medication to counter the side effects of vaccination. The use of herbal medicine was associated with age, education level, vaccine brand, and whether side effects of vaccination occurred. Herbal medication use was associated with greater satisfaction compared to vaccine recipients not using herbal medication. Please cite this article as: Yoon HC. Herbal medicine use in Republic of Korea to alleviate side effects of COVID-19 vaccines: A cross-sectional study. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):361-368.

Perspectives of international multi-center clinical trials on traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

With the introduction of various subjects, such as clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine, the qualities and levels of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCHM) in China improved substantially, and the processes of internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are further accelerated. Since, a variety of drug products in China have been approved for marketing in other countries, and approximately 10 products have submitted the IND application to FDA of United States, of which various Chinese herbal preparations such as compound Danshen dripping pills, Xingling granules, and HMPL-004 have been approved to be investigated in phase III clinical trials. In general, multi-center studies of TCHM are increasing with years, but most of the studies are performed in some certain country, and the actual international multi-center clinical trials are very rare. Number of SCI literatures on multi-center clinical trials of TCHM that published in the recent decade also showed increasing tendency with years, despite the evident reduction in the past 2 years due to the influence of COVID-19 pandemic. Of the multi-center clinical trials of TCHM that performed by mainland China and other oversees regions, except for Taiwan, China, nearly 70% were focused on classic Chinese medicinal formulae and Chinese patent medicine, while the other 30% were on dietary supplements and plant extracts. Facing the future, the "human experience" has attracted close attentions from researchers throughout the world. Effectively utilizing the historic "human experience" is an important method to vitalize potential of original scientific and technological resources of TCHM. Performing multi-center clinical trials with high qualities is still an essential method for TCHM in accessing the mainstream medicine market. In addition, it is also required to further improve the evaluation techniques and methods that not only meet the international standards but also meet the characteristics of TCHM. Furthermore, we should also focus on the TCHM specific clinical values and scientific reports.

Deciphering suppressive effects of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule on COVID-19 and synergistic effects of its major botanical drug pairs.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in excess deaths worldwide. Conventional antiviral medicines have been used to relieve the symptoms, with limited therapeutic effect. In contrast, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule is reported to exert remarkable anti-COVID-19 effect. The current review aims to: 1) uncover the main pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19; 2) verify the bioactive ingredients and pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule by network analysis; 3) investigate the compatibility effect of major botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule; and 4) clarify the clinical evidence and safety of the combined therapy of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs. Numerous bioactive ingredients in Lianhu Qingwen, such as quercetin, naringenin, ß-sitosterol, luteolin, and stigmasterol, were identified to target host cytokines, and to regulate the immune defence in response to COVID-19. Genes including androgen receptor (AR), myeloperoxidase (MPO), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin (INS), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) were found to be significantly involved in the pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule against COVID-19. Four botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule were shown to have synergistic effect for the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical studies demonstrated the medicinal effect of the combined use of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs against COVID-19. In conclusion, the four main pharmacological mechanisms of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19 are revealed. Therapeutic effect has been noted against COVID-19 in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule.

"The History of Chinese Medicine Really Is Very Detailed Regarding Pandemics": A Qualitative Analysis of Evidence-Based Practice and the Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine by Licensed Acupuncturists During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.

Objective: The objective of this qualitative study was to understand how licensed acupuncturists determined treatment strategies for patients with symptoms likely related to COVID-19 using Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and the impact of the pandemic upon their clinical practice. Methods: A qualitative instrument was developed with questions aligned with when participants started treating patients with symptoms likely related to COVID-19 and the availability of information related to the use of CHM for COVID-19. Interviews took place between March 8 and May 28, 2021, and were transcribed verbatim by a professional transcription service. Inductive theme analysis and ATLAS.ti Web software were used to determine themes. Results: Theme saturation was achieved after 14 interviews lasting 11-42 min. Treatment predominantly started before mid-March 2020. Four themes emerged (1) information sources; (2) diagnostic and treatment decision-making; (3) practitioner experience; (4) resources and supplies. Conclusion: Primary sources of information informing treatment strategies came from China through professional networks and were widely disseminated throughout the United States. Scientific studies evaluating the effectiveness of CHM for COVID-19 were generally not deemed useful for informing patient care because treatment had been initiated before they were published and because of limitations associated with the research and the ability to apply it to real world practice.

Research progress of antiviral material basis and mechanism of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid.

Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid (,CQOL) is derived from Yinqiao San (), which is composed of Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) and Banlangen (Isatidis Radix). It is a common clinical herbal medicine for clearing heat and detoxification, and has antiviral effects. By reviewing the active ingredients of CQOL and the research progress on its anti-influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) efficacy, with view to providing a basis for the clinical use of CQOL in treatment of respiratory diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2.Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.

Influence of biochar on improving hydrological and nutrient status of two decomposed soils for yield of medicinal plant - Pinellia ternata

The root tuber of Pinellia ternata has been used as a traditional therapeutic herbal medicine. It is reported to impart beneficial attributes in recovering COVID-19 patients. To meet an increasing demand of P. ternata, this study is intended to investigate the effects of biochar on the soil hydrological and agronomic properties of two decomposed soils (i.e., completely decomposed granite (CDG) and lateritic soil) for the growth of P. ternata. The plant was grown in instrumented pots with different biochar application rate (0%, 3% and 5%) for a period of three months. Peanut shell biochar inclusion in both soils resulted in reduction of soil hydraulic conductivity and increase in soil water retention capacity. These alterations in hydrological properties were attributed to measured change in total porosity, biochar intra pore and hydrophilic functional groups. The macro-nutrient (i.e., N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) concentration of both soils increased substantially, while the pH and cation exchange capacity levels in the amended soils were altered to facilitate optimum growth of P. ternata. The tuber biomass in biochar amended CDG at all amendment rate increases by up to 70%. In case of lateritic soil, the tuber biomass increased by 23% at only 5% biochar application rate. All treatments satisfied the minimum succinic acid concentration required as per pharmacopoeia standard index. The lower tuber biomass exhibits a higher succinic acid concentration regardless of the soil type used to grow P. ternata. The biochar improved the yield and quality of P. ternata in both soils.

Dietary supplements' knowledge, attitude and consumption pattern among United Arab Emirates population

PurposeTo study the consumption pattern, attitude and knowledge of the general population about dietary supplements (DS) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approachA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data on knowledge, attitude and consumption pattern related to the use of DS. Participants aged = 18 years were asked to complete a self-administered online questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, health and lifestyle information, consumption patterns, attitudes and knowledge levels regarding the use of DS.FindingsA total of 207 individuals participated in the study, and 117 (56.5%) participants reported using DS products as influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), of which 63 (53.8%) participants had been using DS for more than one month but less than one year. The majority of the participants was females (64.7%), non-UAE nationals (60.9%) and employed (51.7%). Multivitamins (77.8%) were the most commonly used DS. Use of DS was more prevalent among older participants (n = 78 (61.9%), p = 0.006), non-UAE nationals (n = 79 (62.7%), p = 0.025) and employed (n = 69 (64.5%), p = 0.023). Improving general health (76.1%) and immune booster (47%) were the most frequently identified reasons for using DS, which is relatable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of study participants (72.12%) reported knowing relatively little about the use of DS. About 154 participants (74.4%) did not know that DS products do not treat diseases.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies with a larger sample size need to be conducted to examine the association between gender or chronic disease and the consumption and type of DS products used to fill the gap in the literature and overcome the limitations identified in this study.Originality/valueThis study highlights the need for community education programs and strategies that can raise awareness of the health benefits and risks of using DS. Further studies with a larger sample size need to be conducted to examine the association between gender or chronic disease and the consumption and type of DS products used to fill the gap in the literature and overcome the limitations identified in this study.

Interpretation of "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Severe Cases of Novel Coronavirus Infection (Trial Version 4)"

In order to further improve the medical treatment of severe cases of new coronavirus infection and effectively improve the level of standardized and homogeneous diagnosis and treatment, the National Health Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine combined the characteristics of the omecroron mutant strain and the infection According to the disease characteristics of patients, summarizing the previous medical treatment experience, the organization revised the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Severe and Critical Cases of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 3)", and formed the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Novel Coronavirus Infection Severe Cases (Trial Version 4th)" Version) (hereinafter referred to as the "Program"). The key revisions are as follows: 1. Adjust the name of the disease from "new coronavirus pneumonia" to "new coronavirus infection".

Investigation of the Antiviral Effects of Saussurea lappa Root Extract against SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

SCOPE: The purpose of this study was to look into the antiviral activity of a plant extract derived from the roots of the Saussurea lappa as a food supplement against SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Vero E6 cells are employed in the study to test the neutralizing effect of Saussurea lappa extract against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. For anti-viral activity detection, a sensitive real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence RTCA) with a high repetition rate is used. A challenge experiment in mice is planned as a result of the in vitro analysis. A challenge test against SARS-CoV-2 is performed with 10 adult female K18-hACE2 transgenic mice in each group for this purpose. The mice in the S. lappa Group are gavaged 2 days before the virus is administered intranasally (i.n.). The control group received PBS instead of the extract. SARS-CoV-2 virus is administered i.n. under anesthesia for the first 3 days of the experiment, and S. lappa extract was administered by gavage in the afternoon. On the 10th day, mice in the S. lappa group survived the study, whereas animals in the control group grew ill and/or died. In this study, the extract protects the mice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in 90% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the Saussurea plant has antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in animal models.

Multicenter, randomized controlled trial of traditional Japanese medicine, kakkonto with shosaikotokakikyosekko, for mild and moderate coronavirus disease patients.

The traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, kakkonto with shosaikotokakikyosekko, has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. In this randomized trial, patients with mild and moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were randomly allocated to the control group receiving conventional treatment for symptom relief such as antipyretics and antitussives or the Kampo group receiving mixed extract granules of kakkonto (2.5 g) and shosaikotokakikyosekko (2.5 g) three times a day for 14 days in addition to conventional treatment. The main outcome was the number of days until total symptom relief. The secondary outcome was the number of days until each symptom's relief and whether the disease progressed to respiratory failure. We enrolled a total of 161 patients (Kampo group, n = 81; control group, n = 80). The results from Kaplan-Meier estimates of symptom relief showed that there are no significant differences between the groups. However, covariate-adjusted cumulative incidence of fever relief considering competitive risk showed that the recovery was significantly faster in the Kampo group than in the control group (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-3.01). Additionally, the risk of disease progression to moderate COVID-19 requiring oxygen inhalation was lower in the Kampo group than in the control group (Risk Difference -0.13, 95% CI -0.27-0.01). No significant drug-related side effects were observed. Kakkonto with shosaikotokakikyosekko is effective for fever relief with suppression of disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Clinical Trial Registration: https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs021200020, identifier [jRCTs021200020].

Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Northern Cyprus: Public Awareness, Patterns of Use, and Attitudes.

Background: The utilization of herbal medicine (HM) as a component of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing worldwide. Little is known about justifications for its use and the factors associated with it. This study gains insights into the use of herbal medicines in Northern Cyprus, concentrating on targets for its use, the role played by disease type, reasons for its use, and sources of information. Methods: A questionnaire was utilized to achieve the aim of the study. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample comprised of people in two different regions in Northern Cyprus over a 12-week period from August to November 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Moreover, qualitative research explored individuals' decision making regarding CAM, which aimed to examine 20 patients as a context for beliefs, decision making, and dialogue about CAM. After audio-taping and verbatim transcription, the data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The findings show that the majority of respondents learned about herbal products (HPs) and CAM from other patients, the Internet, friends, and family. The results indicate that almost half of the respondents were aware of how CAMs, especially herbal preparations, are used to treat common illnesses. Fennel, ginger, and echinacea were the most commonly used HMs, mainly for the treatment of the common cold. Furthermore, nearly 50% of the participants expressed the belief that HMs are safe, have fewer side effects than conventional medicines, and are also effective for treating minor health conditions. The prevalence was strongly associated with education level based on a Pearson Chi-square analysis. Conclusions: Although herbal medicines were mostly used to treat mild to moderate ailments and the participants were aware of their limitations, the combination of self-medication, inexperienced counseling, and lack of awareness of the risks of herbal medicines is potentially harmful. This is particularly important for elderly users, because although they seemed to be more aware of health-related issues, they generally used more medication than younger people. Given our finding that dissatisfaction with modern medicine is the most important reason for the preferred use of herbal medicines, government agencies, physicians, and pharmaceutical companies should be aware of this issue and should aim to create some level of awareness among users.

Computational Investigations for Identification of Bioactive Molecules from Baccaurea ramiflora and Bergenia ciliata as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro

In this study, a hybrid compound library of 72 phytocompounds from two antiviral medicinal plants (Baccaurea ramiflora and Bergenia ciliata) was computationally investigated for their inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Molecular docking showed that 6-O-vanilloylicariside B5, 6-O-vanilloylisotachioside, leucoanthocyanidin 4-(2-galloyl), and p-hydroxybenzoyl bergenin has good binding affinity for Mpro. However, p-hydroxybenzoyl bergenin did not bind at the catalytic cavity. The RMSD and RMSF data obtained from 100 ns MD simulations revealed stable protein–ligand complexes for 6-O-vanilloylicariside B5, 6-O-vanilloylisotachioside, leucoanthocyanidin 4-(2-galloyl). Ligand trajectory study found 6-O-vanilloylisotachioside and leucoanthocyanidin 4-(2-galloyl) to be stable. Studies on ligand interaction profile and timeline interaction profile showed that 6-O-vanilloylisotachioside and leucoanthocyanidin 4-(2-galloyl) interacted with HIS41–CYS145 dyad and other crucial amino acids of the catalytic site cavity during the entire 100 ns MD simulations. Molecular mechanics generalized born solvent accessibility binding free energy calculations, density functional theory analysis, quantitative structure–property relationship studies, and ADMET profiling of 6-O-vanilloylisotachioside and leucoanthocyanidin 4-(2-galloyl) supported the results generated by molecular docking and MD simulations studies. Based on the current computational investigations, we conclude that that 6-O-vanilloylisotachioside of B. ramiflora and leucoanthocyanidin 4-(2-galloyl) of B. ciliata are two potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro that are worthy of further investigations.

Medicinal Plants used Traditionally in Sudan to Treat Viral Infections Related to the Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Background: The rapid global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic urged scientists to search for effective and safe anti-coronavirus drugs from natural resources. Through centuries, traditional medicinal plants have been providing cure for diseases and general health care worldwide. Objective(s): The main aim of this review was to explore and summarize the research works on the different plants used traditionally in Sudan to treat signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and respiratory diseases, characterizing their antiviral activities and exploring the different phytochemicals present in these plants. Method(s): The current review was carried out in line with the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 statement. Information on plants traditionally used in Sudan to treat the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and respiratory diseases was obtained from traditional medicine books and published articles, as well as the daily practice by ordinary people. Result(s): This article illustrated the use of 27 plant species belonging to 15 families in Sudanese traditional medicine to treat signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and respiratory diseases. Legumi-nosae/Fabaceae was found to be the most represented family (7 species), followed by Combretaceae (3 species) and Capparidaceae and Malvaceae (2 species each). From these plants, about 11 plant species were studied for their antiviral activity against at least one virus, and 5 plants, namely Adan-sonia digitata, Boscia senegalensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Nigella sativa, and Mangifera indica, were tested for their antiviral activity against influenza viruses. The phytoconstituents of the listed plants were summarized, and the antiviral activity of their isolated bioactive compounds was highlighted. Conclusion(s): The review could provide an in-depth theoretical basis and valuable data for designing future studies.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

Indian Traditional Medicine for COVID-19

Background: A novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak causing infectious respiratory disorders. COVID-19 disease has no specific treatment. In traditional medicinal system, different formulations are available for infectious diseases. Objective(s): This review discusses the significance and utilization of Siddha and Ayurvedic herbal formulations for COVID-19 treatment and provides scientific information regarding the phytochem-istry and pharmacological profiles of Indian medicinal plants used in the formulation. Method(s): The information on medicine and medicinal plants was collected from research papers, review papers, and books available in several electronic databases, including Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and PubMed was explored as information sources. Result(s): Traditional medicinal plants are potentially used in formulations due to their inevitable therapeutic properties. Phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of medicinal plants used in the formulations served as scientific proof for traditional medicine. Conclusion(s): The present study explored the great importance of Siddha and Ayurvedic formulations for COVID-19 treatment. Further scientific investigations are required to explore these formulations as widely acceptable.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

Study on Molecular Docking of 'Nucleocapsid (N) Protein of Sars-Cov-2' and 'Mcf-7'

The process of eliminating viral infection and massive control from spreading furthermore by any variants may lead to a pandemic in the near future. On the other aspect, the impact of eradicating by the initial stage to prevent, treat carcinoma to decline the affected and death rate to maximum amount by Molecular Docking. The quickest and easiest method to search out the potential drugs is by analyzing the ligand-protein interactions compared to the traditional ways. Drugs of antivirals and anti-cancer drugs are given for treating viral infections and cancers. Massive kinds of viruses affect humans with several diseases, from self-curable diseases to acute mortal diseases. In cancer, the diseases are known by the cells within humans;multiplication occurs and forming the tumors of malignant cells with the flexibility to be a pathological process. Herbal medicines are known to play enormous role by giving initial priority. Various plant species are being employed to cure or prevent viral infections and cancers. Molecular docking provides a fast understanding of the ligand's exploration of conformations, poses among drug targets' binding sites, and predicts the binding affinity of protein-ligand. Its main approach is to spot top-ranked conformations on compounds and means of docking to the active site of target of interest. Intake of naturally suggested fruits and vegetables leads to the goal of decreasing the death rate, and the count of females who are liable to breast cancers.Copyright All © 2023 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research.

Traditional herbal medicine in the treatment of patients infected with new coronavirus

The purposes of this review was in the direction of epidemiology, causative agents, symptoms, vaccine research probabilities and COVID-19 infection novel Corona viruses that was investigated in China. The COVID-19 has surrounded viruses along with a practical sensation one stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical uniformity. The COVID-19 is an enormous family of viruses that are prevalent in a public and large number of species of animals including hens, camels, bats, cat, and cattle. Human corona viruses can cause gentle disorder identical to a common cough, cold, while others reason more acute disease MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Thus spreading the COVID-19 should be closely investigated to recognize the growth of particularly virulent strains in society at an early stage and to simplify the evolution of enough preventive and therapeutic measurements.Copyright © 2021, Health Biotechnology and Biopharma. All rights reserved.